Over a Million Muslims Begin Hajj Amid Scorching Heat

More than one million Muslim pilgrims began the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca on Wednesday, with Saudi authorities stepping up safety measures after last year’s tragedy, when over 1,300 people died due to extreme heat.

Under temperatures reaching 42°C (108°F), pilgrims performed the tawaf, circling the Kaaba at the heart of the Grand Mosque. Many then made their way to Mina, a tent-filled valley outside Mecca, where they will spend the night before heading to Mount Arafat — the spiritual peak of the pilgrimage.

Saudi Arabia has deployed 250,000 workers and over 40 agencies, expanded shaded areas by 50,000 square meters, and installed more than 400 cold water stations. 

These measures are meant to protect pilgrims from the intense heat, which reached a deadly 51.8°C (125°F) last year, mostly affecting unregistered participants.

To manage the crowds more efficiently, the kingdom is using AI and drone technology. This year’s campaign against unauthorized pilgrims includes strict penalties: a fine of 20,000 riyals (€4,720) and a 10-year entry ban.

The Hajj is one of Islam’s five pillars and a religious obligation for all Muslims who are physically and financially able to undertake it. With 1.5 million foreign pilgrims already in the country, this year’s Hajj is a test of both spiritual endurance and large-scale logistical coordination.